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315 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
315 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# go-enry [](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2) [](https://github.com/go-enry/go-enry/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+branch%3Amaster) [](https://codecov.io/gh/go-enry/go-enry)
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Programming language detector and toolbox to ignore binary or vendored files. _enry_, started as a port to _Go_ of the original [Linguist](https://github.com/github/linguist) _Ruby_ library, that has an improved _2x performance_.
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- [CLI](#cli)
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- [Library](#library)
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- [Use cases](#use-cases)
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- [By filename](#by-filename)
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- [By text](#by-text)
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- [By file](#by-file)
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- [Filtering](#filtering-vendoring-binaries-etc)
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- [Coloring](#language-colors-and-groups)
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- [Languages](#languages)
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- [Go](#go)
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- [Java bindings](#java-bindings)
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- [Python bindings](#python-bindings)
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- [Rust bindings](#rust-bindings)
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- [Divergences from linguist](#divergences-from-linguist)
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- [Benchmarks](#benchmarks)
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- [Why Enry?](#why-enry)
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- [Development](#development)
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- [Sync with github/linguist upstream](#sync-with-githublinguist-upstream)
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- [Misc](#misc)
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- [License](#license)
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# CLI
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The CLI binary is hosted in a separate repository [go-enry/enry](https://github.com/go-enry/enry).
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# Library
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_enry_ is also a Go library for guessing a programming language that exposes API through FFI to multiple programming environments.
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## Use cases
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_enry_ guesses a programming language using a sequence of matching _strategies_ that are
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applied progressively to narrow down the possible options. Each _strategy_ varies on the type
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of input data that it needs to make a decision: file name, extension, the first line of the file, the full content of the file, etc.
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Depending on available input data, enry API can be roughly divided into the next categories or use cases.
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### By filename
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Next functions require only a name of the file to make a guess:
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- `GetLanguageByExtension` uses only file extension (wich may be ambiguous)
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- `GetLanguageByFilename` useful for cases like `.gitignore`, `.bashrc`, etc
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- all [filtering helpers](#filtering)
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Please note that such guesses are expected not to be very accurate.
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### By text
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To make a guess only based on the content of the file or a text snippet, use
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- `GetLanguageByShebang` reads only the first line of text to identify the [shebang](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)>).
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- `GetLanguageByModeline` for cases when Vim/Emacs modeline e.g. `/* vim: set ft=cpp: */` may be present at a head or a tail of the text.
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- `GetLanguageByClassifier` uses a Bayesian classifier trained on all the `./samples/` from Linguist.
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It usually is a last-resort strategy that is used to disambiguate the guess of the previous strategies, and thus it requires a list of "candidate" guesses. One can provide a list of all known languages - keys from the `data.LanguagesLogProbabilities` as possible candidates if more intelligent hypotheses are not available, at the price of possibly suboptimal accuracy.
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### By file
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The most accurate guess would be one when both, the file name and the content are available:
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- `GetLanguagesByContent` only uses file extension and a set of regexp-based content heuristics.
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- `GetLanguages` uses the full set of matching strategies and is expected to be most accurate.
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### Filtering: vendoring, binaries, etc
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_enry_ expose a set of file-level helpers `Is*` to simplify filtering out the files that are less interesting for the purpose of source code analysis:
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- `IsBinary`
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- `IsVendor`
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- `IsConfiguration`
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- `IsDocumentation`
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- `IsDotFile`
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- `IsImage`
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- `IsTest`
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- `IsGenerated`
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### Language colors and groups
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_enry_ exposes function to get language color to use for example in presenting statistics in graphs:
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- `GetColor`
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- `GetLanguageGroup` can be used to group similar languages together e.g. for `Less` this function will return `CSS`
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## Languages
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### Go
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In a [Go module](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules),
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import `enry` to the module by running:
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```sh
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go get github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2
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```
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The rest of the examples will assume you have either done this or fetched the
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library into your `GOPATH`.
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```go
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// The examples here and below assume you have imported the library.
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import "github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2"
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lang, safe := enry.GetLanguageByExtension("foo.go")
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fmt.Println(lang, safe)
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// result: Go true
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lang, safe := enry.GetLanguageByContent("foo.m", []byte("<matlab-code>"))
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fmt.Println(lang, safe)
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// result: Matlab true
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lang, safe := enry.GetLanguageByContent("bar.m", []byte("<objective-c-code>"))
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fmt.Println(lang, safe)
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// result: Objective-C true
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// all strategies together
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lang := enry.GetLanguage("foo.cpp", []byte("<cpp-code>"))
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// result: C++ true
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```
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Note that the returned boolean value `safe` is `true` if there is only one possible language detected.
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A plural version of the same API allows getting a list of all possible languages for a given file.
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```go
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langs := enry.GetLanguages("foo.h", []byte("<cpp-code>"))
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// result: []string{"C", "C++", "Objective-C}
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langs := enry.GetLanguagesByExtension("foo.asc", []byte("<content>"), nil)
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// result: []string{"AGS Script", "AsciiDoc", "Public Key"}
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langs := enry.GetLanguagesByFilename("Gemfile", []byte("<content>"), []string{})
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// result: []string{"Ruby"}
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```
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### Java bindings
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Generated Java bindings using a C shared library and JNI are available under [`java`](https://github.com/go-enry/go-enry/blob/master/java).
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A library is published on Maven as [tech.sourced:enry-java](https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/tech.sourced/enry-java) for macOS and linux platforms. Windows support is planned under [src-d/enry#150](https://github.com/src-d/enry/issues/150).
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### Python bindings
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Generated Python bindings using a C shared library and cffi are WIP under [src-d/enry#154](https://github.com/src-d/enry/issues/154).
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A library is going to be published on pypi as [enry](https://pypi.org/project/enry/) for
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macOS and linux platforms. Windows support is planned under [src-d/enry#150](https://github.com/src-d/enry/issues/150).
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### Rust bindings
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Generated Rust bindings using a C static library are available at https://github.com/go-enry/rs-enry.
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## Divergences from Linguist
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The `enry` library is based on the data from `github/linguist` version **v7.16.1**.
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Parsing [linguist/samples](https://github.com/github/linguist/tree/master/samples) the following `enry` results are different from the Linguist:
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- [Heuristics for ".txt" extension](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/8083cb5a89cee2d99f5a988f165994d0243f0d1e/lib/linguist/heuristics.yml#L521) in Vim Help File could not be parsed, due to unsupported negative lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.
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- [Heuristics for ".sol" extension](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/8083cb5a89cee2d99f5a988f165994d0243f0d1e/lib/linguist/heuristics.yml#L464) in Solidity could not be parsed, due to unsupported negative lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.
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- [Heuristics for ".es" extension](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/e761f9b013e5b61161481fcb898b59721ee40e3d/lib/linguist/heuristics.yml#L103) in JavaScript could not be parsed, due to unsupported backreference in RE2 regexp engine.
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- [Heuristics for ".rno" extension](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/3a1bd3c3d3e741a8aaec4704f782e06f5cd2a00d/lib/linguist/heuristics.yml#L365) in RUNOFF could not be parsed, due to unsupported lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.
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- [Heuristics for ".inc" extension](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/f0e2d0d7f1ce600b2a5acccaef6b149c87d8b99c/lib/linguist/heuristics.yml#L222) in NASL could not be parsed, due to unsupported possessive quantifier in RE2 regexp engine.
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- [Heuristics for ".as" extension](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/223c00bb80eff04788e29010f98c5778993d2b2a/lib/linguist/heuristics.yml#L67) in ActionScript could not be parsed, due to unsupported positive lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.
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- As of [Linguist v5.3.2](https://github.com/github/linguist/releases/tag/v5.3.2) it is using [flex-based scanner in C for tokenization](https://github.com/github/linguist/pull/3846). Enry still uses [extract_token](https://github.com/github/linguist/pull/3846/files#diff-d5179df0b71620e3fac4535cd1368d15L60) regex-based algorithm. See [#193](https://github.com/src-d/enry/issues/193).
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- Bayesian classifier can't distinguish "SQL" from "PLpgSQL. See [#194](https://github.com/src-d/enry/issues/194).
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- Overriding languages and types though `.gitattributes` is not yet supported. See [#18](https://github.com/src-d/enry/issues/18).
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- `enry` CLI output does NOT exclude `.gitignore`ed files and git submodules, as Linguist does
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In all the cases above that have an issue number - we plan to update enry to match Linguist behavior.
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## Benchmarks
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Enry's language detection has been compared with Linguist's on [_linguist/samples_](https://github.com/github/linguist/tree/master/samples).
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We got these results:
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The histogram shows the _number of files_ (y-axis) per _time interval bucket_ (x-axis).
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Most of the files were detected faster by enry.
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There are several cases where enry is slower than Linguist due to
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Go regexp engine being slower than Ruby's on, wich is based on [oniguruma](https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma) library, written in C.
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See [instructions](#misc) for running enry with oniguruma.
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## Why Enry?
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In the movie [My Fair Lady](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Fair_Lady), [Professor Henry Higgins](http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0011719/) is a linguist who at the very beginning of the movie enjoys guessing the origin of people based on their accent.
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"Enry Iggins" is how [Eliza Doolittle](http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0011720/), [pronounces](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwNKyTktDIE) the name of the Professor.
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## Development
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To run the tests use:
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go test ./...
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Setting `ENRY_TEST_REPO` to the path to existing checkout of Linguist will avoid cloning it and sepeed tests up.
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Setting `ENRY_DEBUG=1` will provide insight in the Bayesian classifier building done by `make code-generate`.
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### Sync with github/linguist upstream
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_enry_ re-uses parts of the original [github/linguist](https://github.com/github/linguist) to generate internal data structures.
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In order to update to the latest release of linguist do:
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```bash
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$ git clone https://github.com/github/linguist.git .linguist
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$ cd .linguist; git checkout <release-tag>; cd ..
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# put the new release's commit sha in the generator_test.go (to re-generate .gold test fixtures)
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# https://github.com/go-enry/go-enry/blob/13d3d66d37a87f23a013246a1b0678c9ee3d524b/internal/code-generator/generator/generator_test.go#L18
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$ make code-generate
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```
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To stay in sync, enry needs to be updated when a new release of the linguist includes changes to any of the following files:
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- [languages.yml](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/languages.yml)
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- [heuristics.yml](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/heuristics.yml)
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- [vendor.yml](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/vendor.yml)
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- [documentation.yml](https://github.com/github/linguist/blob/master/lib/linguist/documentation.yml)
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There is no automation for detecting the changes in the linguist project, so this process above has to be done manually from time to time.
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When submitting a pull request syncing up to a new release, please make sure it only contains the changes in
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the generated files (in [data](https://github.com/go-enry/go-enry/blob/master/data) subdirectory).
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Separating all the necessary "manual" code changes to a different PR that includes some background description and an update to the documentation on ["divergences from linguist"](#divergences-from-linguist) is very much appreciated as it simplifies the maintenance (review/release notes/etc).
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## Misc
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<details>
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<summary>Running a benchmark & faster regexp engine</summary>
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### Benchmark
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All benchmark scripts are in [_benchmarks_](https://github.com/go-enry/go-enry/blob/master/benchmarks) directory.
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#### Dependencies
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As benchmarks depend on Ruby and Github-Linguist gem make sure you have:
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- Ruby (e.g using [`rbenv`](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv)), [`bundler`](https://bundler.io/) installed
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- Docker
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- [native dependencies](https://github.com/github/linguist/#dependencies) installed
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- Build the gem `cd .linguist && bundle install && rake build_gem && cd -`
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- Install it `gem install --no-rdoc --no-ri --local .linguist/github-linguist-*.gem`
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#### Quick benchmark
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To run quicker benchmarks
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make benchmarks
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to get average times for the primary detection function and strategies for the whole samples set. If you want to see measures per sample file use:
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make benchmarks-samples
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#### Full benchmark
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If you want to reproduce the same benchmarks as reported above:
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- Make sure all [dependencies](#benchmark-dependencies) are installed
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- Install [gnuplot](http://gnuplot.info) (in order to plot the histogram)
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- Run `ENRY_TEST_REPO="$PWD/.linguist" benchmarks/run.sh` (takes ~15h)
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It will run the benchmarks for enry and Linguist, parse the output, create csv files and plot the histogram.
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### Faster regexp engine (optional)
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[Oniguruma](https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma) is CRuby's regular expression engine.
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It is very fast and performs better than the one built into Go runtime. _enry_ supports swapping
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between those two engines thanks to [rubex](https://github.com/moovweb/rubex) project.
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The typical overall speedup from using Oniguruma is 1.5-2x. However, it requires CGo and the external shared library.
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On macOS with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/), it is:
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```
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brew install oniguruma
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```
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On Ubuntu, it is
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```
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sudo apt install libonig-dev
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```
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To build enry with Oniguruma regexps use the `oniguruma` build tag
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```
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go get -v -t --tags oniguruma ./...
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```
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and then rebuild the project.
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</details>
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## License
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Apache License, Version 2.0. See [LICENSE](LICENSE)
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