go-enry

Programming language detector and toolbox to ignore binary or vendored files. enry, started as a port to Go of the original Linguist Ruby library, that has an improved 2x performance.

• CLI
• Library
  • Use cases
    • By filename
    • By text
    • By file
    • Filtering
    • Coloring
  • Languages
    • Go
    • Java bindings
    • Python bindings
    • Rust bindings
• Divergences from linguist
• Benchmarks
• Why Enry?
• Development
  • Sync with github/linguist upstream
• Misc
• License

CLI

The CLI binary is hosted in a separate repository go-enry/enry.

Library

enry is also a Go library for guessing a programming language that exposes API through FFI to multiple programming environments.

Use cases

enry guesses a programming language using a sequence of matching strategies that are applied progressively to narrow down the possible options. Each strategy varies on the type of input data that it needs to make a decision: file name, extension, the first line of the file, the full content of the file, etc.

Depending on available input data, enry API can be roughly divided into the next categories or use cases.

By filename

Next functions require only a name of the file to make a guess:

• GetLanguageByExtension uses only file extension (wich may be ambiguous)
• GetLanguageByFilename useful for cases like .gitignore, .bashrc, etc
• all filtering helpers

Please note that such guesses are expected not to be very accurate.

By text

To make a guess only based on the content of the file or a text snippet, use

• GetLanguageByShebang reads only the first line of text to identify the shebang.

• GetLanguageByModeline for cases when Vim/Emacs modeline e.g. /* vim: set ft=cpp: */ may be present at a head or a tail of the text.

• GetLanguageByClassifier uses a Bayesian classifier trained on all the ./samples/ from Linguist.

  It usually is a last-resort strategy that is used to disambiguate the guess of the previous strategies, and thus it requires a list of "candidate" guesses. One can provide a list of all known languages - keys from the data.LanguagesLogProbabilities as possible candidates if more intelligent hypotheses are not available, at the price of possibly suboptimal accuracy.

By file

The most accurate guess would be when both, a file name and it's content are available:

• GetLanguagesByContent only uses file extension and a set of regexp-based content heuristics.
• GetLanguages uses the full set of matching strategies and is expected to be most accurate.

Filtering: vendoring, binaries, etc

enry expose a set of file-level helpers Is* to simplify filtering out the files that are less interesting for the purpose of source code analysis:

• IsBinary
• IsVendor
• IsConfiguration
• IsDocumentation
• IsDotFile
• IsImage
• IsTest
• IsGenerated

Language colors and groups

enry exposes function to get language color to use for example in presenting statistics in graphs:

• GetColor
• GetLanguageGroup can be used to group similar languages together e.g. for Less this function will return CSS

Languages

Go

In a Go module, import enry to the module by running:

go get github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2

The rest of the examples will assume you have either done this or fetched the library into your GOPATH.

// The examples here and below assume you have imported the library.
import "github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2"

lang, safe := enry.GetLanguageByExtension("foo.go")
fmt.Println(lang, safe)
// result: Go true

lang, safe := enry.GetLanguageByContent("foo.m", []byte("<matlab-code>"))
fmt.Println(lang, safe)
// result: Matlab true

lang, safe := enry.GetLanguageByContent("bar.m", []byte("<objective-c-code>"))
fmt.Println(lang, safe)
// result: Objective-C true

// all strategies together
lang := enry.GetLanguage("foo.cpp", []byte("<cpp-code>"))
// result: C++ true

Note that the returned boolean value safe is true if there is only one possible language detected.

A plural version of the same API allows getting a list of all possible languages for a given file.

langs := enry.GetLanguages("foo.h",  []byte("<cpp-code>"))
// result: []string{"C", "C++", "Objective-C}

langs := enry.GetLanguagesByExtension("foo.asc", []byte("<content>"), nil)
// result: []string{"AGS Script", "AsciiDoc", "Public Key"}

langs := enry.GetLanguagesByFilename("Gemfile", []byte("<content>"), []string{})
// result: []string{"Ruby"}

Java bindings

Generated Java bindings using a C shared library and JNI are available under java.

A library is published on Maven as tech.sourced:enry-java for macOS and linux platforms. Windows support is planned under src-d/enry#150.

Python bindings

Generated Python bindings using a C shared library and cffi are WIP under src-d/enry#154.

A library is going to be published on pypi as enry for macOS and linux platforms. Windows support is planned under src-d/enry#150.

Rust bindings

Generated Rust bindings using a C static library are available at https://github.com/go-enry/rs-enry.

Divergences from Linguist

The enry library is based on the data from github/linguist version v7.28.0.

Parsing linguist/samples the following enry results are different from the Linguist:

• Heuristic for ".plist" extension in 'XML Property List', due to unsupported backreference in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristics for ".txt" extension in Vim Help File could not be parsed, due to unsupported negative lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristics for ".sol" extension in Solidity could not be parsed, due to unsupported negative lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristics for ".es" extension in JavaScript could not be parsed, due to unsupported backreference in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristics for ".rno" extension in RUNOFF could not be parsed, due to unsupported lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristics for ".inc" extension in NASL could not be parsed, due to unsupported possessive quantifier in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristics for ".as" extension in ActionScript could not be parsed, due to unsupported positive lookahead in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristics for ".csc", ".gsc" and ".gsh" extension in GSC could not be parsed, due to unsupported non-backtracking subexpressions in RE2 regexp engine.

• Heuristic for ".txt" detecting 'Adblock Filter List' regexp syntax not supported by RE2

• IsVendor('bootstrap.css') == false v7.23 first unsupported RE syntax outside content heuristics

• As of Linguist v5.3.2 it is using flex-based scanner in C for tokenization. Enry still uses extract_token regex-based algorithm. See #193.

• Bayesian classifier can't distinguish "SQL" from "PLpgSQL. See #194.

• Overriding languages and types though .gitattributes is not yet supported. See #18.

• enry CLI output does NOT exclude .gitignoreed files and git submodules, as Linguist does

In all the cases above that have an issue number - we plan to update enry to match Linguist behavior.

All the issues related to heuristics' regexp syntax incompatibilities with the RE2 engine can be avoided by using oniguruma instead (see instuctions)

Benchmarks

Enry's language detection has been compared with Linguist's on linguist/samples.

We got these results:

The histogram shows the number of files (y-axis) per time interval bucket (x-axis). Most of the files were detected faster by enry.

There are several cases where enry is slower than Linguist due to Go regexp engine being slower than Ruby's on, wich is based on oniguruma library, written in C.

See instructions for running enry with oniguruma.

Why Enry?

In the movie My Fair Lady, Professor Henry Higgins is a linguist who at the very beginning of the movie enjoys guessing the origin of people based on their accent.

"Enry Iggins" is how Eliza Doolittle, pronounces the name of the Professor.

Development

To run the tests use:

go test ./...

Setting ENRY_TEST_REPO to a path to the existing checkout of the Linguist will avoid cloning it and speeds tests up. Setting ENRY_DEBUG=1 will provide insight into the Bayesian classifier built during make code-generate.

Sync with github/linguist upstream

enry re-uses parts of the original github/linguist to generate internal data structures. In order to update to the latest release of linguist do:

$ git clone https://github.com/github/linguist.git .linguist
$ cd .linguist; git checkout <release-tag>; cd ..

# put the new release's commit sha in the generator_test.go (to re-generate .gold test fixtures)
# https://github.com/go-enry/go-enry/blob/13d3d66d37a87f23a013246a1b0678c9ee3d524b/internal/code-generator/generator/generator_test.go#L18

$ make code-generate

To stay in sync, enry needs to be updated when a new release of the linguist includes changes to any of the following files:

• languages.yml
• heuristics.yml
• vendor.yml
• documentation.yml

There now is automation for detecting the changes in the upstream Linguist project: every day Github CI runs a job that will create a PR to this repo for each new Linguist release. It will include all the steps from the above.

When submitting a pull request syncing up to a new release manually, please make sure it only contains the changes in the generated files (in data subdirectory).

Separating all the necessary "manual" code changes to a different PR that includes some background description and an update to the documentation on "divergences from linguist" is encouraged and very much appreciated, as it simplifies the maintenance (review/release notes/etc).

Misc

Running a benchmark & faster regexp engine

Benchmark

All benchmark scripts are in benchmarks directory.

Dependencies

As benchmarks depend on Ruby and GitHub-Linguist gem make sure you have:

• Ruby (e.g using rbenv), bundler installed
• Docker
• native dependencies installed
• Build the gem cd .linguist && bundle install && rake build_gem && cd -
• Install it gem install --no-rdoc --no-ri --local .linguist/github-linguist-*.gem

Quick benchmark

To run quicker benchmarks

make benchmarks

to get average times for the primary detection function and strategies for the whole samples set. If you want to see measures per sample file use:

make benchmarks-samples

Full benchmark

If you want to reproduce the same benchmarks as reported above:

• Make sure all dependencies are installed
• Install gnuplot (in order to plot the histogram)
• Run ENRY_TEST_REPO="$PWD/.linguist" benchmarks/run.sh (takes ~15h)

It will run the benchmarks for enry and Linguist, parse the output, create csv files and plot the histogram.

Faster regexp engine (optional)

Oniguruma is CRuby's regular expression engine. It is very fast and performs better than the one built into Go runtime. enry supports swapping between those two engines thanks to rubex project. The typical overall speedup from using Oniguruma is 1.5-2x. However, it requires CGo and the external shared library. On macOS with Homebrew, it is:

brew install oniguruma

On Ubuntu, it is

sudo apt install libonig-dev

To build enry with Oniguruma regexps use the oniguruma build tag

go get -v -t --tags oniguruma ./...

and then rebuild the project.

License

Apache License, Version 2.0. See LICENSE